Unit 1 Unit 1

• Power System and Substation Fundamentals 1
• Power System Overview  Structure of power system: Generation
• Distribution  Role of substations in power system  Importance of reliability
• continuity and quality of power supply

Unit 2 Types of Substations

•  Classification based on function: Transmission
• Switching  Classification based on voltage level: EHV, HV, MV  Indoor and Outdoor substations

Unit 3 Substation Layouts

8 lecture hours

•  Introduction to single line diagram (SLD)  Types of layouts: o Single bus system o Double bus system Program Name: Diploma Engineering Level: Diploma Branch: Renewable Energy Subject Code: DI05064011 Subject Name: Power System Protection  Basic components of switchyard and control room

Unit 4 Substation Equipment (Overview)

•  Busbars: Types and functions  Isolators and Earth Switches: Types and interlocking concept  Circuit breakers: Role in Isolation and protection system

Unit 5 Types of Modern Substations

•  Air Insulated Substation (AIS)  Gas Insulated Substation (GIS)  Hybrid substations 2 Unit 2: Fundamentals of Protection System and Relays 1
• Power System Faults:  Types of faults: Symmetrical and Unsymmetrical  Causes and effects of faults  Abnormal operating conditions 2
• Protection System Fundamentals:  Objectives of protection  Elements of protection system  Primary and backup protection  Zones of protection 3
• Instrument Transformers:  Role of CT and PT in protection  Errors in CT and PT  Characteristics of CT and PT 4
• Protective Relays:  Classification: o Electromechanical relays o Static relays o Numerical relays  Basic relay terminology and Input Output (IO) Ports 5
• Tripping and Protection Circuits:  Basic tripping circuit  Trip circuit supervision  Relay coordination concept

Unit 6 Modern Protection Systems

9 lecture hours

• Program Name: Diploma Engineering Level: Diploma Branch: Renewable Energy Subject Code: DI05064011 Subject Name: Power System Protection  Numerical relay features and advantages  Disturbance Recorder: o Need and importance o Recording of fault data and events o Use in fault analysis and system monitoring 3 Unit 3: Protection of Feeders
• Transmission Lines and Busbars 1
• Feeder Protection:  Radial and ring main systems  Overcurrent protection  Earth fault protection  Broken Conductor Protection  IDMT and DMT Characteristics and its applications 2
• Directional Protection:  Need for directional relays
• parallel feeders protection  Directional overcurrent protection  Directional earth fault protection and the concept of polarization voltage in the directional earth fault protection. 3
• Distance Protection:  Impedance relay  Reactance relay  Mho relay 4
• Carrier Current Protection:  Basic principle  Applications in transmission line protection in issuing faster and coordinated tripping for distance relay’s zones of operation 5
• Auto Reclosing:  Need and operation  Advantages and limitations 6
• Busbar Protection:  Need for busbar protection  Differential protection scheme as a fundamental of busbar protection  Breaker failure protection

Unit 7 IEEE Protection device Numbers

45 lecture hours

• 10 22% Program Name: Diploma Engineering Level: Diploma Branch: Renewable Energy Subject Code: DI05064011 Subject Name: Power System Protection  50/51
• 46BC, 87T, 64, 67, 67N 4 Unit 4: Protection of Power Transformers and Rotating Machines 1
• Power Transformer Protection:  Types of faults in power transformer  Overcurrent and earth fault protection of power transformer  Differential protection
• Biased Differential Protection  Restricted earth fault protection  Buchholz relay  Pressure relief device and oil surge relay  Thermal protection: Oil Temperature Indicator (OTI) and Winding Temperature Indicator (WTI)  Inrush current and harmonic restraint 2
• Alternator Protection:  Stator faults and rotor faults  Overvoltage protection  Negative phase sequence protection  Reverse power protection  Under-frequency protection 3
• Induction Motor Protection:  Overload protection  Single phasing protection  Earth fault protection  Stalling and under-voltage protection 09 20% 5 Unit 5: Substation Automation
• Reactive Power Management and Modern Trends 1
• Substation Operation and Automation:  Manually operated substations  SCADA operated substations  Advantages of automation and concept of Intelligent Electronic Device (IED) 2
• SCADA Basics:  SCADA architecture 09 20% Program Name: Diploma Engineering Level: Diploma Branch: Renewable Energy Subject Code: DI05064011 Subject Name: Power System Protection  Components: HMI, RTU and communication system  Basic control and monitoring functions  IEC 61850 Protocol 3
• Reactive Power and Compensation:  Concept of reactive power  Effects of low power factor  Need for reactive power compensation 4
• Compensation Techniques:  Capacitor banks (fixed and switched)  Bus reactors 5
• Modern Compensation Devices:  Introduction to FACTS  STATCOM (basic concept)  UPFC (basic concept) 6
• Modern Trends in Protection:  Protection challenges in renewable energy generation integrated power systems  Digital substations  Smart grid concept