Unit 1 Medical Robotic Systems 9 15

• 1.1 Structure of a medical robotic system 1.1.1 Surgeon console 1.1.2 Patient-side robotic arm 1.2 Surgical instruments used in robotic systems 1.2.1 Graspers 1.2.2 Scissors 1.2.3 Needle holders 1.3 Motion transmission mechanisms in surgical robots 1.3.1 Cable-driven mechanisms 1.3.2 Gear and pulley mechanisms 1.4 Precision and workspace requirements in surgical robotics 1.5 Human–robot interaction in medical robotic systems 1.6 Applications of robotics in healthcare

Unit 2 Sensors and Control in Medical Robots 9 25

• 2.1 Position sensing in medical robots 2.1.1 Optical encoders for joint position measurement 2.1.2 Potentiometers for angular displacement sensing 2.2 Force and tactile sensing in robotic surgery 2.2.1 Force sensors for tool–tissue interaction measurement 2.2.2 Tactile sensors for grip force and pressure detection 2.3 Vision systems used in surgical robots 2.3.1 Camera-based vision systems for surgical imaging 2.3.2 Image acquisition for robot-assisted surgery Program Name: Diploma Engineering Level: Diploma Branch: Automation and Robotics Subject Code : DI05041051 Subject Name : Robotics in Biomedical w.e.f. 2026-27 http://syllabus.gtu.ac.in/ Page no. 3 of 8 2.4 Actuation principles in medical robots 2.4.1 Electric actuation concept in robotic joints 2.4.2 Pneumatic actuation used in surgical tools 2.5 Closed-loop control in medical robotic systems 2.5.1 Sensor feedback for position control 2.5.2 Basic concept of closed-loop control in robots 2.6 Surgeon control interface in robotic systems 2.6.1 Master–slave control concept 2.6.2 Haptic feedback in robotic surgery

Unit 3 Robotic Systems in Surgery 10 25

• 3.1 Introduction to robotic surgery 3.2 Concept of minimally invasive surgery (MIS) 3.3 Tele operation and tele surgery in medical robotics 3.4 Image-guided robotic surgery 3.5 Components of surgical robotic systems 3.5.1 Surgeon console 3.5.2 Patient-side robotic arms 3.5.3 Vision and imaging system 3.5.4 Control and communication system 3.6 Advantages and limitations of robotic surgery 3.7 Case studies of surgical robotic systems 3.7.1 da Vinci Surgical System 3.7.2 MAKO Surgical System

Unit 4 Rehabilitation and Assistive Robotics 9 20

8 lecture hours

• 4.1 Introduction to rehabilitation robotics and its role in physical therapy 4.2 Robotic prosthetic limbs 4.2.1 Upper limb prosthetic devices 4.2.2 Lower limb prosthetic devices 4.3 Exoskeleton systems for rehabilitation 4.3.1 Lower limb rehabilitation exoskeletons 4.3.2 Upper limb rehabilitation exoskeletons 4.4 Robotic wheelchairs and mobility assistance systems 4.5 Robotic systems used in stroke rehabilitation therapy 4.6 Human–robot interaction in rehabilitation systems Examples:  Lokomat Rehabilitation Robot  HAL Exoskeleton Program Name: Diploma Engineering Level: Diploma Branch: Automation and Robotics Subject Code : DI05041051 Subject Name : Robotics in Biomedical w.e.f. 2026-27 http://syllabus.gtu.ac.in/ Page no. 4 of

Unit 5 Emerging Trends, Safety and Ethics 8 15

• 5.1 Role of artificial intelligence in medical robotics 5.1.1 AI for surgical assistance 5.1.2 AI for diagnostic support 5.2 Remote surgery and telesurgery systems 5.3 Introduction to Nanorobotics in medicine and targeted drug delivery 5.4 Safety requirements and risk factors in medical robotic systems 5.5 Ethical issues in robotic healthcare 5.5.1 Patient safety and data privacy 5.5.2 Human vs robotic decision making 5.6 Regulatory approval and clinical validation of medical robots