Switchgear & Protection
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The official GTU curriculum for Switchgear & Protection (subject code 4350901) as prescribed for ELECTRICAL · Semester 5 divides the course into 5 units, covering 54 listed topics. The unit-wise breakdown below is read from the GTU syllabus document for this subject code, so you can check what the course actually covers before deciding which papers to attempt.
Download the official syllabus PDF (4350901)Unit 1 Protective relay system
- 1.1. Types, cause and effect of fault
- 1.2. Elements of protection system
- 1.3. Role of CT and PT in protection system
- 1.3.1. Errors in CT – PT
- 1.3.2. Characteristic of CT and PT
- 1.4. Advancement in protection system technology
- 1.4.1. Numerical relays
- 1.4.2. Disturbance recorder
- 1.4.3. Optical Current transformer
- 1.4.4. Optical potential transformer.
- 1.5. Basic tripping circuit
- 1.5.1. Trip circuit supervision.
- 1.5.2. Basic logic circuit
Unit 2 Feeder and Transmission line and busbar protection 2a Basic radial feeder and ring feeder 2b Overcurrent and earth fault protection
- 2.1. Method of discrimination
- 2.1.1. Time discrimination
- 2.1.2. Current discrimination
- 2.1.3. Current – Time discrimination
- 2.2. Inverse Definite minimum time protection
- 2.3. Limitation of overcurrent protection Switchgear & Protection Course Code: 4350901 Topics and Sub-topics protection 2e Protection zone, reverse zone protection 2f Busbar protection 2g Carrier aided protection
- 2.4. Impedance relay, Mho relay, reactance relay protection scheme
- 2.5. Power line carrier communication for protection
- 2.6. Auto reclosing
- 2.7. Requirement of bus zone protection
- 2.8. Differential protection for busbar
- 2.9. Breaker protection scheme : Local breaker backup and remote breaker backup
- 2.10. Travelling wave fault locator relay
- 2.11. Negative sequence relay for detection of broken conductor in transmission line
- 2.12. Basics of Centralised Control System - SCADA & IEC 61850 Protocol.
Unit 3 Transformer Protection
- 3.1. Overcurrent – earth fault protection
- 3.2. Differential protection of transformer
- 3.3. Restricted earth fault protection of transformer
- 3.4. OTI – WTI : overheating protection
- 3.5. Buchholz protection, Pressure relief valve, Oil surge relay
- 3.6. Nitrogen injection fire protection system for power transformer.
- 3.7. Features of numerical differential relay and its advantages
- 3.8. Inrush Current Protection - Harmonic Restraint.
Unit 4 Rotating machine protection
- 4.1. Inter-turn fault, stator earth-fault , rotor earth-fault
- 4.2. Negative phase sequence, field failure protection, overload protection, over-voltage protection Switchgear & Protection Course Code: 4350901 Topics and Sub-topics
- 4.3. Reverse power protection, back- up impedance, under-frequency protection
- 4.4. Class A, Class B and Class C protections conditions causing alarm and tripping
- 4.5. 4.5 IM protection : Overloading, Single phasing, under voltage, stalling, differential protection. Unit–V Circuit breaker
- 5.1. Type of circuit breaker based on : Actuating mechanism, interrupting medium, based on installation, based on external design
- 5.3. Making and Breaking capacity
- 5.4. Restriking voltage and recovery voltage
- 5.5. Air circuit breaker
- 5.6. SF6 Circuit breaker
- 5.7. Vacuum circuit breaker
- 5.8. Multi break circuit breaker
- 5.9. HCDC circuit breaker
- 5.10. Comparisons of different type of circuit breaker
- 5.11. Operation sequence interlocking
Unit 5 Lightening protection
- 6.1. Lightening and switching surges
- 6.2. Classification of LA based-on principle, construction and application
- 6.3. Basic impulse insulation level
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