Unit 1 Fluids and Their Properties

3 lecture hours

• Introduction of fluid
• fluid classifications
• hypothesis of continuum
• Shear stress in a moving fluid
• molecular structure of material
• fluid density
• causes of viscosity in gases and liquids
• surface tension
• capillary effect
• vapor pressure
• compressibility and the bulk modulus

Unit 2 Pressures and Head

5 lecture hours

• Types of Pressure
• Pascal’s law of pressure at a point
• variation of pressure vertically in a fluid under gravity
• equality of pressure at the same level in a static fluid
• general equation for the variation of pressure due to gravity from a point to point in a static fluid
• pressure and head
• the hydrostatic paradox
• pressure measurements using Elastic Pressure Transducers
• Force Balance Pressure gauge
• Electrical Pressure Transducers

Unit 3 Static Forces on Surface and Buoyancy

8 lecture hours

• Fluid static
• action of fluid pressure on surface
• resultant force and center of pressure on a plane surface under uniform pressure
• resultant force and center of pressure on a plane surface immersed in a liquid
• pressure diagrams
• forces on a curved surface due to hydrostatic pressure
• equilibrium of floating bodies
• stability of a submerged body
• stability of floating bodies
• determination of the metacentric height
• determination of the position of the metacentre relative to the center of buoyancy

Unit 4 Motion of Fluid Particles and Streams

• Fluid flow
• different types of flow
• frames of reference
• analyzing 4 7 fluid flow
• motion of a fluid particle
• acceleration of a fluid particle
• discharge and mean velocity
• continuity of flow
• continuity equations for 2-D and 3-D flow in Cartesian coordinates of system

Unit 5 The Energy Equation and its Application

8 lecture hours

• Momentum and fluid flow
• Momentum equation for 2-D and 3-D flow along a stream line
• momentum correction factor
• Euler’s equation of motion along a stream line
• Mechanical energy of a flowing fluid – Bernoulli’s theorem
• kinetic energy correction factor
• pitot tube
• determination of volumetric flow rate via pitot tube
• changes of pressure in tapering pipe
• principle of venturimeter
• pipe orifices
• theory of small orifices discharging to atmosphere
• theory of large orifices
• elementary theory of notches and weirs
• flow in a curved path

Unit 6 Two-Dimensional Ideal Fluid Flow

4 lecture hours

• Rotational and ir-rotational flow
• circulation and vorticity
• streamlines and the stream functions
• velocity potential and potential flow
• relation between stream function and velocity potential
• flow nets
• stream function and velocity potential for uniform flow
• vortex flow

Unit 7 Dimensional Analysis And Similarities

5 lecture hours

• Dimension reasoning
• dimensional homogeneity
• dimensional analysis using Rayleigh’s method
• Buckingham π-theorem
• significance of dimensionless
• use of dimensionless numbers in experimental investigation
• geometric similarity
• dynamic similarity
• Kinematic similarity
• model testing-Model laws
• Undistorted and Distorted models

Unit 8 Viscous Flow

6 lecture hours

• Reynolds number and Reynolds experiment
• flow of viscous fluid through circular pipe- Hagen Poiseuille formula
• Flow of viscous fluid between two parallel fixed plates
• power absorbed in viscous flow through - journal
• foot step and collar bearing
• movement of piston in dash pot, methods of measurement of viscosity

Unit 9 Turbulent Flow

4 lecture hours

• Expression for coefficient of friction -Darchy Weishbach Equation
• Moody diagram resistance of smooth and rough pipes shear stress and velocity distribution in turbulent flow through pipes

Unit 10 Flow through pipes

6 lecture hours

• Major energy losses
• Minor energy losses
• Hydraulic gradient and total energy lines
• Pipes in series and parallel
• Equivalent pipes
• power transmission through pipe
• Flow through nozzle at end of pipe
• Water hammer in pipes

Unit 11 Compressible Flow

3 lecture hours

• Basic equations for one dimensional compression
• Pressure wave propagation
• sound velocity in fluid
• Mach number
• Stagnation properties