Biomedical Instrumentation
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Follow on Instagram for UpdatesBiomedical Instrumentation Syllabus — Unit-wise Content
The official GTU curriculum for Biomedical Instrumentation (subject code BE05000061) as prescribed for EIE · Semester 5 divides the course into 7 units, covering 68 listed topics. The unit-wise breakdown below is read from the GTU syllabus document for this subject code, so you can check what the course actually covers before deciding which papers to attempt.
Download the official syllabus PDF (BE05000061)Unit 1 Basic Human Anatomy for Instrumentation
- Overview of cardiovascular system
- nervous system, and muscular system
- relevance of these systems in biomedical signal generation (ECG, EEG, EMG)
- Fundamentals of Medical Instrumentation: Introduction to Biomedical Instrumentation
- Role of instrumentation in healthcare
- Components of a generalized biomedical instrumentation system
- Sources of physiological signals
- Medical measurement constraints
- Classification of biomedical instruments
- Transducers used in biomedical applications
- Problems associated with biological measurements
Unit 2 Bioelectric Signals and Electrodes
- Origin of bioelectric potentials
- Resting potential and action potential
- Types of bioelectric signals: ECG, EEG, EMG, Ionic conduction in biological tissues
- Electrode–electrolyte interface
- Half-cell potential
- Polarization effects
- Types of electrodes: Surface electrodes
- Needle electrodes
- Electrode impedance
- Motion artifacts and noise in electrodes
Unit 3 Bioelectric Amplifiers
- Characteristics of bioelectric signals
- Requirements of bioelectric amplifiers
- Differential amplifier for biomedical signals
- Instrumentation amplifiers
- Common Mode Rejection Ratio (CMRR)
- Noise sources in biomedical instrumentation
- Interference reduction techniques
- Isolation amplifiers
- Patient protection techniques
- Grounding and shielding methods
Unit 4 Diagnostic Instruments
- Electrocardiograph (ECG): Electrical activity of the heart
- Lead configurations (standard limb leads
- augmented leads
- chest leads)
- ECG machine block diagram and working
- ECG Telemetry ECG waveform: Interpretation & Analysis: Normal waveform parameters
- heart rate calculation methods
- rhythm and basic arrhythmia identification
- ST-segment ischemia assessment, and fundamentals of automated ECG interpretation
- Electroencephalograph (EEG): Electrical activity of the brain
- EEG waveforms (alpha
- EEG electrode placement system
- EEG recording system Electromyograph (EMG): Basic Principle
- Block diagram of EMG machine
- Blood Pressure Measurement: Direct blood pressure measurement
- Indirect blood pressure measurement
- Electronic Program Name: Bachelor of Engineering Level: UG Branch: Instrumentation and Control Subject Code : BE05000061 Subject Name : Biomedical Instrumentation blood pressure monitors
Unit 5 Therapeutic and Imaging Instruments
- Therapeutic Equipment Cardiac pacemaker: Types of pacemakers
- Working principle Defibrillator: Types of defibrillators
- Energy delivery system Ventilator: Principles of mechanical ventilation
- Modes of ventilation Medical Imaging Systems X-ray imaging: X-ray generation
- X-ray imaging system components Computed Tomography (CT Scan): Basic principle
- Image reconstruction concept Medical Ultrasonography: Basic principle
- Ultrasound transducer
- Scan modes and scanning system
Unit 6 Safety in Biomedical Instrumentation
- Electrical safety in medical equipment
- Macroshock and microshock hazards
- Leakage currents
- Patient isolation techniques
- Grounding methods in hospitals
- Safety standards for medical instruments
- Testing procedures for biomedical equipment
Unit 7 Recent Advances in Biomedical Instrumentation
- Wearable devices (ECG, PPG, glucose
- RPM (Remote Patient Monitoring))
- AI/IoMT (Internet of Medical Things) for diagnostics
- portable imaging
- closed-loop therapies, and regulatory challenges
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