Unit 1 Introduction of Process Control

3 lecture hours

• Need for control and automation
• Steady state and dynamic system
• control logic
• servo and regulatory
• block diagrams
• control structures (feedback vs. feedforward)
• Sustainable plant operation using feedback systems

Unit 2 Laplace Transforms

4 lecture hours

• Transforms of simple functions
• Ramp functions
• Sine functions
• Solutions of differential equations
• Inversions of transform function by partial fractions
• qualitative nature of solutions
• Final value and initial value theorems
• Translation of transforms
• Transforms of unit impulse functions
• Transforms of integral

Unit 3 Response of First Order Systems

6 lecture hours

• Mercury thermometer
• Transient response of step functions
• Sinusoidal input
• Impulse functions
• Physical Examples of First Order Systems: Liquid level
• Mixing process
• First Order System in Series: Non interacting system of liquid level
• Generalization of several non-interacting systems in series
• Interacting systems

Unit 4 Second Order Systems

4 lecture hours

• Development of transfer functions
• Damped vibrator
• Liquid manometer
• Thermometer in thermo-pocket
• Step response & impulse response
• Decay ratio
• Rise time
• Response time
• Period of oscillation
• Natural period of oscillation
• Sinusoidal response
• Transportation lag

Unit 5 The Control Systems

5 lecture hours

• Block diagram
• Standard block diagram symbols
• Negative and positive feedback
• Servo problem v/s regulator problems
• Development of block diagrams
• Process measuring element
• Final control element
• Closed Loop Transfer Functions: Sustainable control loop design
• Block diagram reduction
• Overall transfer function for single loop system
• Overall transfer function for change in load
• Overall transfer function for multi loop control system
• process and instrumentation diagrams
• parts of control system

Unit 6 Controllers and Final Control Elements

5 lecture hours

• Actual v/s Ideal controller
• Pneumatic controller mechanism of proportional control
• Proportional integral (PI) control
• Proportional derivative (PD) control
• Proportional integral derivative (PID) control
• Control valve
• Control valve characteristics
• Transfer functions of P, On-off, PI, PD, and PID control
• Motivation for addition of integral and derivative modes
• Block diagram of chemical reactor control system
• Program Name: Bachelor of Engineering Level: UG Branch: Chemical Engineering Subject Code: BE05005011 Subject Name: Instrumentation and Process Control

Unit 7 Transient Response of Simple Control Systems

4 lecture hours

• Proportional control for Set point change (Servo Problem)
• Proportional control for load change (Regulator Problem)
• Proportional integral control for load change
• Proportional Integral control for set point change
• Proportional control for system with measurement lag

Unit 8 Stability

5 lecture hours

• Concept of stability
• Definition of stability (linear system)
• Stability criterion
• Characteristic equation
• Routh test for stability
• Routh array
• Method of Root Locus for stability analysis
• Nyquist stability criterion

Unit 9 Frequency Response analysis

4 lecture hours

• Fortunate circumstances
• Transportation lag, First order system
• First order system in series
• Bode diagrams
• Bode stability criterion
• Graphical rules for Bode diagrams
• Transient response phase margin
• magnitude ratio
• phase shift
• open loop bode diagrams of various controllers

Unit 10 Introduction of Process Measurement

• Elements of instruments
• Parts of instruments
• Static and dynamic characteristics. 3 5

Unit 11 Temperature Measurement

5 lecture hours

• Expansion thermometers like constant volume gas, Mercury in glass
• Filled system thermometer like pressure spring thermometer
• Static accuracy of thermometer
• Dip effect in thermometer
• Errors in thermometer of liquid and gas filled type like cross ambient effect
• Head effect
• Methods of compensation
• Thermoelectric temperature measurement: Thermo couples
• Pyrometers: Radiation pyrometer
• Photo electric pyrometers
• Optical pyrometers
• Errors in optical pyrometers

Unit 12 Pressure Measurement

3 lecture hours

• Liquid column manometer
• Enlarged leg manometer
• Inclined tube manometer
• Ring manometer
• Tilting U tube manometer
• Bourdon gauge
• Bellows differential pressure gauge
• Vacuum Measurement: Ionization gauge
• Pirani vacuum gauge
• Thermocouple vacuum gauge
• McLeod gauge

Unit 13 Liquid Level Measurement

3 lecture hours

• Direct measurement
• Float and tap, Float and shaft
• Hydraulic remote transmission
• Bubbler system
• Diaphragm & air trap system
• Differential pressure manometer
• Float and spring pneumatic balance
• Displacement float
• Magnetic float gauge

Unit 14 Flow Measurement

3 lecture hours

• Head flow meter
• Orifice plate
• Flow nozzle
• Venturi tube
• Pitot tube
• Differential pressure meter
• Electric type head flow meter
• Bellows type meter
• Rota meter
• Piston type area meter and Positive displacement meter
• Flow control actuators: different types of valves

Unit 15 Introduction to advance topics l- Electrical and pneumatic signal

3 lecture hours

• conditioning and transmission
• Computer process control, PLC, DCS, and SCADA
• Use of Artificial Intelligence in plant automation