Unit 1 Concepts in Engineering Thermodynamics

• Fundamentals and First Law of Thermodynamics
• concepts of energy
• work, and heat
• calculations of work
• energy, and property changes for reversible processes
• Introduction to the Second Law of Thermodynamics
• entropy, and irreversibility
• Thermodynamics of flow processes
• thermodynamic properties and phase behavior of fluids
• Volumetric properties of real gases and corresponding states theory
• Maxwell’s relations and their applications
• residual property calculations
• Estimation of thermodynamic properties using equations of state (ideal gas law, cubic equations of state
• Analysis of thermodynamic cycles
• including power 10 Program Name: Bachelor of Engineering Level: UG Branch: Biotechnology Subject Code: BE03004031 Subject Name: Thermodynamics in Biochemical Processes generation cycles (Rankine
• Brayton) and refrigeration cycles (vapor- compression

Unit 2 Solution Thermodynamics

10 lecture hours

• Introduction to solution thermodynamics and phase behavior
• Partial molar properties
• chemical potential, and fugacity concepts
• Analysis of ideal and non- ideal solutions
• Application of the Gibbs–Duhem equation and evaluation of excess properties
• Introduction to activity coefficients
• correlation methods (Margules
• Van Laar
• Wilson models), and predictive models for non-ideal mixtures

Unit 3 Phase and Chemical Reaction Equilibria

12 lecture hours

• Criteria for phase equilibrium
• vapor-liquid equilibrium (VLE) calculations for binary and multicomponent mixtures
• basics of liquid-liquid equilibria (LLE) and solid-liquid equilibria (SLE)
• Introduction to chemical reaction equilibria: equilibrium criteria for homogeneous chemical reactions
• evaluation of equilibrium constants, and the impact of temperature and pressure on reaction equilibria
• Methods for calculating equilibrium conversions
• yields, and extent of reaction for single and multiple reactions

Unit 4 Thermodynamics of biological systems and metabolism

13 lecture hours

• Energetics of metabolic pathways
• concepts of energy coupling through ATP, NADH, and other energy carriers
• Stoichiometric and energetic analysis of cell growth and product formation: elemental balances
• degree of reduction, and available-electron balance concepts
• Yield coefficients for microbial processes
• Thermodynamics of microbial growth including maintenance energy requirements
• Analysis of oxygen consumption rates
• heat evolution in aerobic and anaerobic cultures, and thermodynamic efficiency of biological systems