Unit 1 Introduction to Power Train Systems

• Types of Power Train Systems Conventional power train systems
• Hybrid power train systems
• Electric power train systems
• 08 10 Program Name: Bachelor of Engineering Level: UG Branch: Automobile Engineering Subject Code: BE05002051 Subject Name: Powertrain and Hybrid Vehicles Comparison of power train systems Components of Power Train Systems Engine: types
• configurations, and characteristics Transmission: types (manual
• gear ratios, and shifting mechanisms Drivetrain: shafts
• differentials, and axles Other components: clutch
• torque converter, and propeller shaft Power Train System Design Considerations Vehicle performance requirements: acceleration
• top speed, and gradeability
• Fuel efficiency and emissions regulations
• Power train system efficiency and losses
• Design trade-offs: performance vs. efficiency vs. cost Case Study: Conventional Power Train System Example: Front-engine
• rear-wheel drive (FR) power train system Components: engine
• manual transmission
• propeller shaft
• differential, and axles System operation: power flow
• gear shifting, and torque transmission Design considerations: gear ratios
• clutch sizing, and system efficiency

Unit 2 Hybrid Vehicle Fundamentals

12 lecture hours

• Types of Hybrid Vehicles Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEV): ICE + electric motor
• no external charging Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEV): ICE + electric motor
• external charging Electric Vehicles (EV): battery-powered electric motors only Comparison: HEV, PHEV
• EV - efficiency
• cost Components of Hybrid Vehicles Electric motor: types (AC, DC, induction
• permanent magnet)
• characteristics Battery: types (lead-acid
• nickel-metal hydride)
• management Engine: ICE types
• optimization for hybrid operation Power electronics: motor controllers
• converters Other components: regenerative braking
• energy recovery systems Hybrid Vehicle Architectures Series hybrid: electric motor drives wheels
• ICE generates electricity Parallel hybrid: ICE and Electric motor both drive wheels Series-parallel hybrid: combination of series and parallel architectures Examples: Toyota Prius (series-parallel)
• Honda Civic Hybrid (parallel) Advantages and Challenges of Hybrid Vehicles Advantages: with respect to fuel efficiency
• emission and energy recovery Challenges: with respect to cost
• battery and infrastructure

Unit 3 Power Train Components

• Clutch and Transmission Systems Clutch: Types (friction
• operation, and design Manual transmission: Gear ratios
• Shifting mechanisms
• Synchronization Automatic transmission: Types (torque converter
• dual clutch)
• Operation, and Control Continuously Variable Transmission (CVT): types
• operation, and advantages Drivetrain Components Shafts: Types (propeller
• Design, and Materials Gears: Types (spur
• Gear ratios, and Tooth Differentials: Types (open
• limited slip
• Axles: Types (live
• hybrid), and Materials Power Electronics and Control Systems Power electronics: Motor controllers
• Converters, and Switching devices 10 10 Program Name: Bachelor of Engineering Level: UG Branch: Automobile Engineering Subject Code: BE05002051 Subject Name: Powertrain and Hybrid Vehicles Control systems: Engine management
• Transmission control, and Hybrid control units Sensors and actuators: Types
• Operation, and Integration with control systems Communication protocols: CAN bus, LIN bus, and Flex Ray Case Study: Power Train Components in Hybrid Vehicles Example: Toyota hydride powertrain components Components: Electric motor
• Transmission, and Power electronics System operation: Power flow
• Energy management, and Regenerative braking Design considerations: Component sizing
• Efficiency, and Packaging

Unit 4 Hybrid Vehicle Operation

10 lecture hours

• Energy Management Strategies Overview of energy management in hybrid vehicles Strategies: Rule-based approaches (e.g.
• thermostat control)
• Optimization-based approaches (e.g.
• dynamic programming)
• Real-time optimization techniques (e.g.
• model predictive control) Energy management system components Battery state-of-charge (SOC) management
• Engine operating point optimization
• Electric motor torque management Regenerative Braking and Energy Recovery Regenerative braking: Principles
• Types of regenerative braking (Series regenerative braking Parallel regenerative braking) Energy recovery systems: Battery charging
• Supercapacitor charging
• Regenerative braking control strategies Hybrid Vehicle Performance and Efficiency Hybrid vehicle performance metrics: Acceleration
• Top speed
• Gradeability Efficiency analysis: Well-to-wheel efficiency
• Tank-to-wheel efficiency Factors affecting hybrid vehicle efficiency: Engine efficiency
• Electric motor efficiency
• Battery efficiency
• Regenerative braking effectiveness Comparison of hybrid vehicle efficiency with conventional vehicles Case Study: Hybrid Vehicle Operation Example: Toyota hydrides hybrid vehicle operation Analysis of energy flow and management: Low-speed operation (electric motor)
• Medium-speed operation (engine + electric motor)
• High-speed operation (engine)
• Regenerative braking and energy recovery Evaluation of performance and efficiency: Fuel economy
• Emissions reduction

Unit 5 Power Train Design and Analysis

• Power Train System Design Considerations Design objectives: Design based on Performance (acceleration
• top speed
• Efficiency (fuel economy
• Cost and weight
• Packaging and Integration
• Design parameters: Engine selection (type
• Transmission selection (type
• gear ratios)
• Electric motor selection (type
• power rating)
• Battery selection (type
• Design trade-offs and optimization: Performance vs. efficiency
• Cost vs. weight
• Packaging vs. integration Performance Analysis of Power Train Systems Performance metrics: Acceleration
• Gradeability (maximum grade
• sustained grade) Analysis techniques: Experimental testing (e.g.
• chassis dynamometer
• road testing) 5 10 Program Name: Bachelor of Engineering Level: UG Branch: Automobile Engineering Subject Code: BE05002051 Subject Name: Powertrain and Hybrid Vehicles Performance optimization: Gear ratio optimization
• Engine calibration
• Electric motor control strategy