Unit 1 BASIC CONCEPT AND FIRST LAW

10 lecture hours

• Basic concepts - concept of continuum
• macroscopic approach
• thermodynamic systems - closed
• open and isolated
• path and process
• quasi-static process
• modes of work
• Zeroth law of thermodynamics – concept of temperature and heat
• Concept of ideal and real gases
• First law of thermodynamics – application to closed and open systems
• internal energy
• specific heat capacities
• steady flow process with reference to various thermal equipments

Unit 2 SECOND LAW AND ENTROPY

10 lecture hours

• Second law of thermodynamics – Kelvin’s and Clausius statements of second law
• Reversibility and irreversibility
• Carnot theorem
• Carnot cycle
• reversed carnot cycle
• efficiency, COP
• Thermodynamic temperature scale
• Clausius inequality
• concept of entropy
• entropy of ideal gas, principle of increase of entropy

Unit 3 THERMODYNAMIC AVAILABILITY

5 lecture hours

• Basics – Energy in non-flow processes : Expressions for the Exergy of a closed system-Equivalence between mechanical energy forms and Exergy – Flow of energy associated with heat flow – Exergy consumption and entropy generation
• Exergy in steady flow processes : Expressions for Exergy in steady flow processes – Exergy dissipation and entropy generation

Unit 4 PROPERTIES OF PURE SUBSTANCE

• 5 10% Properties of pure substances – Thermodynamic properties of pure substances in solid
• liquid and vapour phases
• phase rule
• PVT surfaces
• thermodynamic properties of steam
• Calculations of work done and heat transfer in non-flow and flow processes

Unit 5 CONDUCTION

8 lecture hours

• Basic Concepts – Mechanism of Heat Transfer – Conduction
• Convection and Radiation – Fourier Law of Conduction - General Differential equation of Heat Conduction –– Cartesian and Cylindrical Coordinates – One Dimensional Steady State Heat Conduction – Conduction through Plane Wall
• Cylinders and Spherical systems – Composite Systems – Conduction with Internal Heat Generation – Extended Surfaces – Unsteady Heat Conduction – Lumped Analysis – Use of Heislers Chart

Unit 6 CONVECTION

6 lecture hours

• Basic Concepts –Heat Transfer Coefficients – Boundary Layer Concept – Types of Convection – Forced Convection – Dimensional Analysis – External Flow – Flow over Plates
• Cylinders and Spheres – Internal Flow – Laminar and Turbulent Flow – Combined Laminar and Turbulent – Flow over Bank of tubes – Free Convection – Dimensional Analysis – Flow over Vertical Plate
• Horizontal Plate
• Inclined Plate
• Cylinders and Spheres

Unit 7 PHASE CHANGE HEAT TRANSFER AND HEAT EXCHANGERS

6 lecture hours

• Nusselts theory of condensation-pool boiling
• flow boiling
• correlations in boiling and condensation
• Types of Heat Exchangers – Heat Exchanger Analysis – LMTD Method and NTU - Effectiveness – Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient – Fouling Factors

Unit 8 RADIATION

6 lecture hours

• Basic Concepts
• Laws of Radiation – Stefan Boltzman Law, Kirchhoff’s Law –Black Body Radiation –Grey body radiation - Shape Factor Algebra – Electrical Analogy – Radiation Shields –Introduction to Gas Radiation