Unit 1 Basic antenna concepts

• Definition and functions of an antenna
• comparison between an antenna & transmission line
• radio communication link with transmitting antenna and a receiving antenna
• radiation 3 Teaching/Learning Scheme in hrs/semester Total Credits Assessment Pattern and Marks Total Marks L T P PBL* TH TH/30 Theory Practical ESE (E) PA (M) PA (I) PBL(I) ESE (V) 45 0 30 15 90 3 70 30 20 30 50 200 Program Name: Bachelor of Engineering Level: UG Branch: Electronics and Communication Subject Code: BE05000381 Subject Name: Antennas and Wave Propagation patterns of antennas-field and power patterns
• all antenna types

Unit 2 Radiation of Electric dipole

6 lecture hours

• Potential functions and the electromagnetic field
• Oscillating electric dipole-derivations for E and H field components in spherical coordinate systems
• Power Radiated by a current element
• Application to antennas
• Radiation from quarter wave monopole and half wave dipoles
• Derivation for radiation resistance
• application of reciprocity theorem to antennas
• equality of directional patterns and effective lengths of transmitting and receiving antennas

Unit 3 Antenna parameters and definitions

5 lecture hours

• beam area
• beam width- Half-Power Beam width (HPBW)and First Null Beam width(FNBW)
• Radiation Intensity
• Beam Efficiency
• Directivity and directive gain
• radiation resistance
• radiation efficiency
• Antenna aperture- physical and effective apertures
• effective height
• transmission formula
• antenna field zones

Unit 4 Arrays of point sources

• Expression for electric fields from two, three and N element arrays- linear arrays: Broad- side array and End-Fire array- Method of pattern multiplication- Binomial array
• Effect of ground on ungrounded antenna
• Dolph-Tchebysheff distribution for linear arrays

Unit 5 Loop Antenna

3 lecture hours

• Small loop short magnetic dipole
• comparison of far field of small loop and short dipole loop antennas
• field pattern of circular loop antenna &amp
• radiation resistance of loop antenna
• directivity of circular loop antennas with uniform current

Unit 6 Helical antenna

2 lecture hours

• Helical geometry
• transmission radiation modes
• practical design considerations
• wide band characteristics of helical antenna

Unit 7 Arrays of dipoles & apertures

3 lecture hours

• 3 element dipole Array with parasitic elements
• Yagi-Uda array-function and its design
• Phased arrays
• location methods of feeding antennas
• folded dipole antennas
• matching arrangements

Unit 8 Reflector antennas

3 lecture hours

• Parabolic reflector
• paraboloidal reflector
• aperture Pattern of large circular apertures with uniform illumination
• off axis operation of paraboloidal reflectors
• Cassegrain feed system

Unit 9 Slot patch & Horn antennas

3 lecture hours

• Slot antenna
• its pattern
• Babinet’s principle and complementary antennas
• impedance of slot antennas, and horn antenna-function and types

Unit 10 Microstrip ( patch) antennas

3 lecture hours

• Rectangular and circular types-function
• features analysis
• design considerations and applications

Unit 11 Broadband & Freq. Independent antennas

3 lecture hours

• Broadband antenna
• Frequency independent antenna
• log periodic antennas

Unit 12 Antennas measurements

• Experimental set ups for measurement of radiation patterns
• phase polarization
• terminal impedance. 2 Program Name: Bachelor of Engineering Level: UG Branch: Electronics and Communication Subject Code: BE05000381 Subject Name: Antennas and Wave Propagation

Unit 13 Radio wave propagation

• Modes of propagation
• Ground Wave Propagation
• Structure of troposphere and ionosphere
• Characteristic of Ionospheric layers
• Sky wave propagation
• Definitions for Virtual height
• MUF and Skip distance, OWF, Fading
• ionospheric absorptions
• Multi-hop propagation
• Space wave propagation and Super refraction. 4 This syllabus is mapped with following United Nation’s Sustainable Development Goals: SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being SDG 4 - Quality Education
• SDG 9 - Industry
• Innovation and Infrastructure
• SDG 11 - Sustainable Cities and Communities
• SDG 13 -Climate Action SDG 17 - Partnerships for the Goals Relevant BIS standards: IS/IEC 61000 Series – Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) IS 14700 Series – EMC Requirements for Electronic Equipment IS 13252 (Part 1) – Safety of Information Technology Equipment IS 302-1 – Safety of Household and Similar Electrical Appliances Guidelines by Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI) on:  Electromagnetic Field (EMF) exposure limits  Mobile tower radiation safety norms Department of Telecommunications (DoT) guidelines on:  Base station radiation compliance  SAR (Specific Absorption Rate) limits Also explore other relevant Indian and international standards