Unit 1 Power Quality

6 lecture hours

• Importance of Power Quality
• Common Disturbances in Power Systems
• Short-Duration Voltage Variation
• Long-Duration Voltage Variations
• Impulsive Transients
• Oscillatory Transients
• Voltage Imbalance
• DC Offset
• Voltage Fluctuations
• Power Frequency Variations
• Solutions to Power Quality Problems
• Ambiguous Terms CBEMA and ITI Curves
• Features of Voltages in Power Systems
• Ground Electrodes
• Ground Rods
• Ground Rings
• Plates Signal Reference Ground (SRG)
• Single-Point and Multipoint Grounding
• Ground Loops
• Isolated Ground
• Electrochemical Reactions Due to Ground Grids
• Reactive Power in Power Systems with Harmonic Distortion
• Single-Phase Systems
• Power Quality Data Collection

Unit 2 Static Var Compensators

• Different Static Var Compensators
• Increase in Transient Stability Margin
• Damping of Power Oscillations
• Voltage Support
• Static Var Compensator Systems Versus Synchronous Condensers
• Capacitors, and Reactors
• Shunt and Series Compensation
• Fundamentals of Load Compensation
• Reactive Power Relationships Between Wye- and Delta-Connected Systems
• Static Var Compensators for Transmission Systems
• SVC Using a TCR and an FC, SVC Using a TCR and TSC, STATCOM (SVC Using Self-Commutated Inverters)
• SVC Using 09 Subject Code: 3170921 w.e.f
• AY 2018-19 a Saturated Reactor (SR)
• Comparison of Static Var Systems
• Specification of SVCs
• FACTS Technology
• Types of FACTS Controllers
• Series Controllers
• Shunt Controllers
• Combined Series and Shunt Controllers
• Case Study
• Importance Three- Phase Power Flow Studies for PQ

Unit 3 Control of Static Var Compensators

6 lecture hours

• Control Systems for SVCs in Transmission System Applications
• Voltage Regulation
• Gain Supervision
• Reactive Power Control and Coordination
• Control Signals for System Transient Stability
• Power Oscillation Damping, and Subsynchronous Resonance Damping Enhancement
• Control Systems for SVCs in Traction Applications
• Load Compensation
• Voltage Regulation and Balancing
• Measurement of Sequence Components
• Phase-Locked Oscillator Control System

Unit 4 Harmonics

6 lecture hours

• Converter Harmonics
• Effect of Transformer Connections
• Harmonics When There Is Overlap in the Commutation Process
• Direct-Voltage Harmonics
• Imperfect System Conditions
• Single-Phase Power Supplies
• DC Drives
• AC Drives
• Pulse-Width Modulation (PWM)
• Telecontrol Signals
• Harmonics in No-Load Exciting Current
• Harmonics due to Inrush Current
• DC Magnetization
• Harmonics in Rotating Machines
• Harmonics in Arc Furnace Loads
• Harmonics in a Thyristor-Controlled Reactor

Unit 5 Utility Harmonics Regulations and Standards

• Undesirable Effects of the Harmonics
• Specification of the Harmonic Limits
• Philosophical Differences between IEEE 519-1992 and IEC 61000-Series Standards
• IEC 61000-Series Standards
• Assessment Procedure (Harmonic Limits)
• Summation Laws for Combining Harmonics
• General Comments on the Standards
• Allocation of Harmonic Voltage or Current or Both Limits to the Customers
• Empirical Nature of the Standards
• Legal Responsibility for Damages due to Harmonic Problems
• Application of the Standards
• Application of Standards—B.C
• Hydro's Approach
• Examples of the Harmonic Studies

Unit 6 Harmonic Filters

6 lecture hours

• Undesirable Effects of Harmonics
• Harmonic Sources
• Types of Filters
• Types of Damped Filters
• AC Network Impedance
• Overhead Lines
• Underground Cables
• Rotating Machines
• Passive Loads
• Electronic Loads
• Norton Equivalents of Residential Loads
• Design of Single-Tuned Filters
• Filter Performance Evaluation
• Design of Damped Filters
• Comparison of Tuned and Damped Filters
• Filter Component Ratings
• Filter Capacitors
• Tuning Reactors
• Outline of Filter Design

Unit 7 Monitoring Power Quality

• Site Surveys
• Spectrum Analyzers
• Special-Purpose Power System Harmonic Analyzers
• Transient-Disturbance Analyzers
• Combination Disturbance and Harmonic Analyzers
• Flicker Meters
• Measurement of the Frequency Response of Instrument Transformers
• Description of the Instrument Transformers' Tests
• Summary of the Conclusions from the Tests
• Voltage Transformers
• IEC-Recommended Measurement Techniques for Harmonics
• RMS Value of a Harmonic Group
• RMS Value of a Harmonic Subgroup
• Total Harmonie Distortion (THD)
• Group Total Harmonic Distortion (THDG)
• Subgroup Total Harmonic Distortion (THDS)
• Partial Weighted Harmonic Distortion (PWHD)
• RMS Value of an Interharmonic Component
• RMS Value of an Interharmonic Group
• RMS Value of an Interharmonic-Centered Subgroup
• Relative and Absolute Harmonic Phase Angle Measurement
• Necessity for the Measurement of Harmonic Voltages and Currents
• Harmonic Monitoring System
• Continuous Harmonic Analysis in Real Time
• Presentation of Harmonic 06 Subject Code: 3170921 w.e.f