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SWITCH GEAR AND
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2170908
Code: 2170908
Credits: 6
Semester 7
EEE
Switch Gear and Protection
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GTU Previous Year Papers
Switch Gear and Protection Syllabus — Unit-wise Content
The official GTU curriculum for Switch Gear and Protection (subject code 2170908) as prescribed for EEE · Semester 7 divides the course into 13 units, covering 87 listed topics. The unit-wise breakdown below is read from the GTU syllabus document for this subject code, so you can check what the course actually covers before deciding which papers to attempt.
Download the official syllabus PDF (2170908)Unit 1 Introduction to Protective Relaying and electromagnetic relays
- Causes and Effects
- Protective Zones
- Primary and Backup Protection
- Desirable Qualities and Terms of Protective Relaying
- Basic Connection of Trip Circuit
- Types of Relay Units
- Relay Pick up, Reset or Drop out, Pick up/ Drop off Ratio
- Construction and Working of Different Electromagnetic Relays [3]
Unit 2 Over Current Protection of Transmission line
- Thermal Relays
- Over Current Relays
- Application of Definite Time & IDMT O.C
- Relays for Protection of Feeder
- Directional Over Current Relay
- Limitations of O.C
Unit 3 Differential Protection
- Simple Differential Protection
- Zone of Protection and Actual Behavior of Simple Differential Protection
- Percentage Differential Protection
- Earth Leakage Protection[1]
Unit 4 Transformer Protection
- Types of Faults
- Over Current Protection
- Percentage Differential Protection
- Inrush Phenomenon
- High Resistance Ground Faults in Transformers
- Inter-turn Faults
- Incipient Faults
- Over-fluxing Phenomenon[1]
Unit 5 Distance Protection of Transmission line
- Drawbacks of O.C
- Introduction to Distance Protection
- Types of Distance Relay
- MHO Relay
- Performance of Distance Relay During Normal Load and Power Swing
- Effect of Arc Resistance on Reach of Distance Relays
- Comparison of Distance Relays
- Distance Protection of Transmission line
- Reasons for Inaccuracy of Distance Relay Reach
- Three Step Protection
- Trip contact configuration
- 3-step protection of double and fed lines. [1]
Unit 6 Carrier aided protection of transmission lines
- Need for carrier aided protection of transmission lines
- various options for carrier
- Coupling and trapping the carrier into the desired line section
- single line to ground coupling
- line to line coupling
- unit type carrier aided directional comparison relaying
- carrier aided distance scheme for acceleration of zone II, transfer trip or inter trip
- permissive inter trip
- acceleration of zone II, pre-acceleration of zone II, phase comparison relaying (unit scheme) [1]
Unit 7 Generator protection
- Various faults & abnormal operation conditions
- stator & rotor faults
- transverse differential protection
- unbalanced loading
- over speeding
- loss of excitation
- loss of prime mover [1]
Unit 8 Induction motor protection
- Various faults & abnormal operation conditions
- starting of induction motor
- protection of small & large induction motor. [2]
Unit 9 Numerical protection
- block diagram of numerical relay
- numerical over current protection
- numerical transformer protection
- numerical distance protection of transmission line [1]
Unit 10 Theory of circuit Interruption 3 5
- Physics of arc phenomena
- Maintenance of the arc, Losses from plasma
- Essential properties of arc, Arc interruption theories. [4]
Unit 11 Circuit Constant in Relation to Circuit Breaking
- Circuit breaker rating
- Circuit constants & circuit conditions Re-striking voltage transient Characteristics of re-striking voltage
- Interaction between the breaker & circuit
- Current chopping
- duties of switchgear.[4]
Unit 12 Theory & Practice of Conventional Circuit Breaker and modern
- circuit breakers Automatic switch
- Air-break circuit breakers
- Oil circuit breakers
- Single and multi break Construction
- Air-blast circuit breaker
- Performance of circuit breakers and system requirements
- Modification of circuit breaker duty by shunt resistors
- Power factor correction by series resistance
- Comparative merits of different types of conventional circuit breakers
- Modern trends
- Vacuum circuit breakers
- Sulphur hexafluoride (SF6) circuit breakers D.C. circuit breaker
- auto-reclosing - definitions & features
- 3-Phase versus 1-Phase auto-reclosing [4]
Unit 13 Protective current transformer and potential transformer
- Magnetization curve of CT, Difference between measurement & protective CT, CT errors
- calculation of CT accuracy
- selection of CT, CT requirements for differential protection
- specifications of CT, specifications of PT, CVT. [2]
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