Unit 1 Fluids and Their Properties

8 lecture hours

• Fluid classifications
• hypothesis of continuum
• shear stress in a moving fluid
• molecular structure of material
• surface tension
• capillary effect
• vapor pressure
• compressibility and the bulk modulus
• Pascal’s law of pressure at a point
• variation of pressure vertically in a fluid under gravity
• equality of pressure at the same level in a static fluid
• general equation for the variation of pressure due to gravity from a point to point in a static fluid
• pressure and head
• hydrostatic paradox

Unit 2 Static Forces on Surface and Buoyancy

8 lecture hours

• Fluid static
• action of fluid pressure on surface
• resultant force and center of pressure on a plane surface under uniform pressure and surface immersed in a liquid
• pressure diagrams
• forces on a curved surface due to hydrostatic pressure
• equilibrium of floating bodies
• stability of a submerged body and floating bodies
• determination of the metacentric height
• determination of the position of the metacenter relative to the center of buoyancy

Unit 3 Motion of Fluid Particles and Streams

6 lecture hours

• Fluid flow
• different types of flow
• frames of reference
• analyzing fluid flow
• motion of a fluid particle
• acceleration of a fluid particle
• discharge and mean velocity
• continuity of flow
• continuity equations for 2-D and 3-D flow in Cartesian coordinates of system
• rotational and irrotational flow
• circulation and vorticity
• streamlines and the stream functions
• velocity potential and potential flow
• relation between stream function and velocity potential
• stream function and velocity potential for uniform flow
• vortex flow

Unit 4 The Energy Equation and its Application

6 lecture hours

• Momentum and fluid flow
• Momentum equation for 2-D flow along a stream line
• momentum correction factor
• Euler’s equation of motion along a stream line
• mechanical energy of a flowing fluid
• Bernoulli’s theorem
• kinetic energy correction factor
• changes of pressure in tapering pipe
• principle of venturimeter
• theory of notches and weirs

Unit 5 Dimensional Analysis and Similarities

• Dimension reasoning
• dimensional homogeneity
• dimensional analysis using Rayleigh’s method
• Buckingham π-theorem
• use of dimensionless 4 Subject Code: 3141906 w.e.f
• AY 2018-19 numbers in experimental investigation
• geometric similarity
• dynamic similarity
• kinematic similarity
• model testing
• model laws
• undistorted and distorted models

Unit 6 Viscous and Turbulent Flow

6 lecture hours

• Reynolds’ experiment
• flow of viscous fluid through circular pipe-Hagen Poiseuille formula
• flow of viscous fluid between two parallel fixed plates
• power absorbed in viscous flow through - journal
• foot step and collar bearing
• turbulent flow expression for coefficient of friction -Darchy Weishbach equation
• moody diagram
• resistance of smooth and rough pipes
• shear stress and velocity distribution in turbulent flow through pipes

Unit 7 Flow through pipes

4 lecture hours

• Major and minor energy losses
• hydraulic gradient and total energy lines
• pipes in series and parallel
• equivalent pipes
• water hammer in pipes

Unit 8 Impact of Jet and Hydraulic Turbines

10 lecture hours

• Force exerted on stationary flat and curved plates held normal
• force exerted on moving plate held normal and on a plate when vane is moving in direction of jet, jet striking on curved vane tangentially at one tip and leaving at other end, classification of hydraulic turbines
• impulse and reaction turbines
• working and analysis of Pelton
• Francis and Kaplan turbines
• draft tube
• governing of the hydraulic turbines
• performance characteristics

Unit 9 Centrifugal Pumps

6 lecture hours

• Pump classification and selection criterion
• velocity vector diagrams
• pump losses and efficiencies
• net positive suction head
• pressure rise in impeller
• characteristic curves

Unit 10 Hydraulic Machines

2 lecture hours

• Hydraulic press
• hydraulic accumulator
• hydraulic intensifier
• hydraulic crane
• hydraulic jack
• hydraulic lift
• hydraulic ram, fluid couplings
• fluid torque converter and air lift pump